A pregnancy can be intentionally aborted in several ways. In the United Kingdom, 1 to 2% of abortions are done due to genetic problems in the fetus. Most abortions result from unintended pregnancies. Over a third are unintended and about a fifth end in induced abortion. Types InducedĪpproximately 205 million pregnancies occur each year worldwide. In some areas, abortion is legal only in specific cases such as rape, fetal defects, poverty, risk to a woman's health, or incest.
Abortion laws and cultural or religious views of abortions are different around the world. Others favor legal and accessible abortion as a public health measure. Those who support the legality of abortion often argue that it is a woman's reproductive right. Those who oppose abortion often argue that an embryo or fetus is a person with a right to life, and thus equate abortion with murder. There is debate over abortion with regard to moral, religious, ethical, and legal issues. Abortion rates are similar between countries that restrict abortion and countries that broadly allow it, though this is partly because countries which restrict abortion tend to have higher unintended pregnancy rates. Countries that permit abortions have different limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed. As of 2018, 37% of the world's women had access to legal abortions without limits as to reason. Abortion rates changed little between 20, before which they decreased for at least two decades as access to family planning and birth control increased. Īround 73 million abortions are performed each year in the world, with about 45% done unsafely. Historically, abortions have been attempted using herbal medicines, sharp tools, forceful massage, or other traditional methods. The World Health Organization states that "access to legal, safe and comprehensive abortion care, including post-abortion care, is essential for the attainment of the highest possible level of sexual and reproductive health". In contrast, unsafe abortions performed by unskilled individuals, with hazardous equipment, or in unsanitary facilities cause between 22,000 and 44,000 deaths and 6.9 million hospital admissions each year. When performed legally and safely on a woman who desires it, induced abortions do not increase the risk of long-term mental or physical problems. Birth control, such as the pill or intrauterine devices, can be used immediately following abortion. The most common surgical technique involves dilating the cervix and using a suction device. The drug mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective as surgery during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions. Public health data shows that making safe abortion legal and accessible reduces maternal deaths. Unsafe abortions-those performed by people lacking the necessary skills, or in inadequately resourced settings-are responsible for between 5-13% of maternal deaths, especially in the developing world, though self-managed medication abortions are highly effective and safe. : 1 In the United States, the risk of maternal mortality is 14 times lower after induced abortion than after childbirth. When done legally in industrialized societies, induced abortion is one of the safest procedures in medicine.
Reasons include maternal health, an inability to afford a child, domestic violence, lack of support, feeling they are too young, wishing to complete education or advance a career, and not being able or willing to raise a child conceived as a result of rape or incest.
The reasons why women have abortions are diverse and vary across the world.
The unmodified word abortion generally refers to an induced abortion. When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an induced abortion, or less frequently "induced miscarriage". An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion" these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of all pregnancies. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.
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